The environment is a natural resource. The environment is the natural way of life that is made up of human climate, flora, fauna and the animals that live there. The influence of the environment on the terrain and its production. The five elements in the earth are the aggregate form of earth, water, air, animals and plants, minerals. Atmosphere is the aggregate of all organic and inorganic matter on Earth. Environmental pollution is the act of bringing about significant improvements in the environment by directly or indirectly altering economic and human activities, natural, cultural and social systems and their essentials and the interactions and interrelationships between them.
Environmental Pollution is the state of being in which the existence of some of the natural objects in our nature is disturbed due to disturbances in the existence and balance. Increased urbanization created by human activities, garbage, toxic gases from nuclear reactors, rapid population growth, rapid exploitation of natural resources, etc. are considered to be the major factors of environmental pollution. The main problems arising from environmental pollution are desertification, acid rain, ozone depletion, floods and landslides.
Environmental pollution, especially from human activities, can be divided into air, water, land and food pollution. Maintaining and protecting the balance of the environment is called environmental protection. Environmental protection is the act of maintaining, caring, promoting, managing and utilizing the various components of the environment without directly or indirectly causing any damage to the environment without any adverse effect on their interrelationships. Although the creation of the environment is a combination of the biological and natural resources of any country, human beings have an important role to play in its protection and promotion.
We all have a responsibility to keep our environment clean, but we are not always able to keep up with it. Many people, including humans, are dying because of the lack of clean air. Lately, many people have lost their lives due to Covid 19.
Covid patients are not only affected by the lack of oxygen for treatment but are also forced to die due to lack of oxygen. Therefore, there is a need to plant trees to protect the environment. Climate change if polluted, adversely affects health, deforestation without green forest, floods and landslides, degradation of roads and affecting the whole life, destruction of crops, excess rainfall without rainfall, adverse effects on production due to intermittent rains. Various disasters, including the Parnell, have a negative impact on human life and the entire state and the world. With the advent of climate change, the use of nuclear weapons, the use of toxic chemicals, and the destruction of not only mankind but also of the earth's flora and fauna are facing serious dangers.
Problems arising from environmental pollution are mainly desertification, atmospheric turbulence, decline in agricultural production, adverse effects on biodiversity, acid rain, soil erosion and floods, deforestation, increase in global warming due to greenhouse effect and nuclear winter and global warming. Similarly, there are various causes of environmental imbalance. In particular, rapid population growth, increasing industrialization, deforestation, declining biodiversity, war and nuclear arms race, development of science and technology, excessive consumption of energy and water resources, and increasing use of toxic chemicals.
There is a need today to take various measures to solve such problems. The earth is the common flower of all. Only we, the human race, can save it. Therefore, various policies and programs are being implemented by the world to save the earth in a sustainable manner. Various programs have been carried out for the protection of environment from various national and international conferences. Protecting the environment is to prevent pollution.
Increasing population control and management, conserving biodiversity, conserving natural resources, taking steps to eradicate poverty, banning nuclear and chemical weapons competition and war, developing and using alternative energy, expanding industrialization and urbanization Effectiveness should be considered, production of toxic gases such as chlorofluoro, carbon, methane should be stopped, use of pesticides and chemicals should be reduced, traffic pollution should be reduced and public awareness should be increased by promoting environmental education, effective implementation of legal structures In accordance with the Autonomous Government Act, 2055, local bodies have been empowered and responsible for the protection of the environment. Implementation of these proposals, compulsory implementation of land use plan, waste management plan for municipalities, metropolitan areas, implementation of various programs related to environment improvement, conservation and management of religious, cultural and natural sites with direct involvement of local bodies, conservation of biodiversity, electricity. The environment can be protected by developing energy consumption, renewing and reusing used items, encouraging businesses involved, and implementing environmental protection in conjunction with development works and all other related activities. In today's 21st century, there is a need for all the nations of the world to work for the solution of the problem with sincerity and commitment, not only in the world slogans and speeches but also in the practical implementation.
The Rio Earth Summit concludes the World Summit on Biodiversity, Agenda 21, Climate Change and Forest Conservation Policy by passing the slogan "Launch of Greenhouse and Care and Use of the Only Earth" at the 1992 Environment Conference of the United Nations Environment Program for Environmental Protection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Was done. The Antarctic World Conference was held in 1959, the First World Conference on Acid Rainfall in 1950, and the First World Conference on Climate in 1997.
Article 30 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal, 2072, provides for the right to a clean environment. In sub-sections 1 and 2 of the said section, every citizen shall have the right to live in a clean and hygienic environment. In sub-section 2, the victim will have the right to be compensated according to the law for the damage caused by environmental pollution or degradation. With this arrangement, it can be assumed that the Government of Nepal is aware of environmental protection.
Apart from this, the Government of Nepal has been working in various fields of environment by establishing the Ministry of Environment for the protection of the environment. The Government of Nepal had started recognizing the environment as a part of every development project from the Seventh Five Year Plan. In order to reduce the increasing environmental pollution, the Government of Nepal has made the Environment Act a rule and made it available to the general public.
The government had issued the Environmental Protection Act on January 3, 2053 BS and the Environmental Protection Rules in 2054 BS. Similarly, work has been started from 1st April, 2051 to reduce the environmental pollution by testing the smoke emitted from the vehicles. Nepal has already ratified the Convention on Climate Change in 2050 BS. In 2009, Nepal convened a meeting of the Council of Ministers of the Government of Nepal at Kalapathar near the Sargarmatha base camp to draw the world's attention to the UN climate issue, while the Maldivian government convened an underwater cabinet meeting.
It seems that Nepal has been presenting its logical views on environment and climate by participating in the conference organized by the United Nations on climate change. The Government of Nepal continues to play its role in environmental protection by regularly participating in various national and international programs related to the environment and climate.
The Government of Nepal, which is on the path of development and prosperity, has been slow to take concrete steps for the protection of the environment. Local bodies should also dare to remove sand, crusher industry and plotting which are operating in their areas. Since the Government of Nepal has included the issue of environment protection in the fundamental rights of the constitution, the general public should be aware and vigilant towards the environment. In order to protect the environment, the government of Nepal needs to continue to spread public awareness by preparing textbooks on environmental pollution from the school level.
No matter who pollutes the environment, whether it is the gold or diamond mines that affect the environment, the government should dare to close them. Climbers on the highest peak in Nepal, Mount Everest, should not only be the focus of the world's attention due to the influx of climbers, but also be aware of the potential for environmental degradation due to the unorganized garbage in the Everest region. It seems necessary for the Government of Nepal to pay attention to this.
Due to uncontrolled urbanization, loud noise, use of various chemicals, etc., pollution is increasing day by day. Apart from water, air and land pollution, visual pollution is also increasing. The construction of tall buildings and the hoarding boards placed on top of those buildings are causing accidents and on the other hand, even the beautiful scenery is being blocked. The government should move forward by strictly enforcing the building code of conduct. There is a need today to preserve our religious, cultural, archeological as well as originality by constructing our monasteries, temples and shrines carrying the history of archeology in the old style.
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