Increasing industrialization and urbanization are environmental pollution

Industry is the mass production or service of goods according to the need in any field to fulfill the needs of the people. 

In general, the development and expansion of industry improves the standard of living of the people and facilitates the consumption of goods cheaply and easily.

Industrialization has an important role to play in the rapid development of any country or region. 

The sustainable development of the country is possible only through the expansion of industry and rapid changes are taking place in various sectors including the economy of the country. 

Industrial development is also the reason for the rapid development of countries like USA, Australia, Japan, China, UK.

Nepal is an underdeveloped country. Where two thirds of the people depend on agriculture. 

Due to lack of resources and education, training, market and volatile politics, the per capita income of those doing agribusiness here is low. 

By transforming this huge number of unnecessary pressures in the agricultural sector into entrepreneurs and employment, their per capita income and industrialization is absolutely necessary to uplift the economy of the country.

However, the citizens and entrepreneurs here are short of capital and cannot afford to invest in large quantities.

There is also a lack of professional knowledge, skills, training, abilities, technology and experience. 

Therefore, in recent times, the number of foreign investors has been increasing every year. 

China, India and UK are the biggest investors in Nepal. In a country that is thinking of industrialization day by day, it is important for the Government of Nepal to pay attention to where its impact is reaching and how it is reaching.

Lately, environmental pollution has been increasing in different parts of Nepal. Among the various reasons for this are population growth, increasing urbanization and neglect of proper management of garbage inside and outside the house. 

Population growth and urbanization have increased pollution as well as deforestation, which has the greatest impact on the environment.

The environment is the presence of living things, plants, air, water, soil or all organic and inorganic matter on the earth. Which are also natural resources. 

The environment is indispensable for human life. And, it is our duty and responsibility to keep it in balance and cleanliness. 

But, nowadays cities, villages, streets, tolls are all busy with themselves. 

As the government and citizens are becoming irresponsible towards the environment, today Nepal is also included in the list of polluting nations and cities.

Environmental management is about advancing the pace of development in an integrated and uniform manner, without compromising the existence of the environment and conserving natural resources. 

Environmental management is essential to keep the relationship between human and environment smooth. 

It is the environment that provides the basic necessities to human beings, while on the other hand, human beings are creating various problems by encroaching on nature by endangering the environment.

In the process of material progress, human beings have done a disservice to nature and the environment. 

When it interferes with natural objects and existence, it also makes human life difficult. 

It will hinder all kinds of development. Analyzing today's situation, environmental pollution is happening due to various reasons. 

Water pollution, noise pollution, air pollution, land pollution, chemical pollution, uncontrolled population growth, rapid increase in means of transportation, exploitation of natural resources, deforestation, lack of public awareness, lack of national and international coordination for environmental protection are the major causes.

Villages, places being urbanized, roads being built, factories being opened today where people could not reach yesterday, creation of employment means moving towards development of the country. 

However, in the meantime, the government, concerned bodies and citizens must pay attention to the impact of industrial and scientific progress, production and misuse of chemicals and misuse of natural resources on the environment. 

Otherwise, it is a fact that many other kinds of sufferings will befall the country and the people. Because no thought can win by negatively affecting the environment or disturbing its balance. 

Therefore, it is very important for the government to work towards environmental hygiene and environmental management in a timely manner.

Importance of health education in reducing environmental pollution.

Environmental pollution is seen as a major public health problem. If the problem persists, it could lead to serious public health problems. For this, it seems necessary for the government to bring effective policy in time.

It is not possible only by bringing effective policy. Coordination and cooperation between the federal government, the state government and the local government is indispensable for its implementation.

If we look at the current situation, the current environmental pollution such as smoke, dust, noise, chemicals, etc. are affecting human health. It can be seen that urban areas are more affected by environmental pollution than rural areas. 

Most of the factories, industries are city centered. As a result, most of the population pressure is in the city. Smoke from vehicles, factories and industries may have a direct and indirect effect on human respiration. 

It is highly susceptible to respiratory diseases such as bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis and other skin diseases.

Currently, the condition of Kathmandu city is very poor. The reasons for this are unmanaged urbanization, unmanaged industrialization, unmanaged drinking water and sewerage and unmanaged operation of means of transportation, etc. Due to that, climate change has also been affected. 

For example, what a clean environment the city of Kathmandu used to have. For that, people living in the Terai region outside the valley preferred to come and stay in Kathmandu for 3-4 months to escape the heat.

 However, now even the heat has increased due to environmental pollution in Kathmandu. The smoke and dust here make the eyes burn and it is difficult to breathe.

People in big cities of Nepal like Kathmandu, Biratnagar, Nepalgunj, Dhangadhi, Birgunj, Narayangarh, Butwal etc. often practice morning walk to promote their health. 

However, due to the increasing pollution in those cities now, the practice of morning walk in the morning due to environmental pollution may be seen to be very low. Because, according to the statistics of the world, Kathmandu is one of the most polluted cities in the world. The situation is similar in other cities.

The main causes of environmental pollution are air, noise, water and chemical pollution.

In order to minimize the impact of these environmental pollutants on public health, it is necessary to have the active participation of every individual, civil society, concerned organizations, industrialists and businessmen in solid coordination and cooperation between the three levels of government. 

In this way, only through mutual efforts, the negative impact on health can be minimized. Otherwise, it could lead to various epidemics and non-communicable diseases in the health sector.

It is very important to inform the public about the above mentioned factors and change the existing knowledge, perceptions and behaviors in them through health education. 

For example, health education plays a very important role in disseminating information to the people living in environmentally polluted places, making maximum use of available resources and means and services as well as motivating the concerned bodies in policy making and its implementation.

Therefore, health education is an area which takes initiative to create a healthy society and environment by changing the negative thinking about the environment inherent in human beings.

 Increasing risk of air pollution worldwide

With an estimated 3.5 to 7 million people dying of famine worldwide each year due to various diseases caused by air pollution, no concrete efforts have been made to prevent it, and by 2060, the number is expected to rise to 6 to 9 million, one person every four to five seconds. Has been done. 

According to a 2016 report by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), entitled The Economic Consequences of Outdoor Air Pollution, 200 million people will die in the next 45 years due to air pollution.

According to the World Health Organization, 90 percent of the world's population is currently forced to breathe in toxic air. 

Three hundred and four thousand 365 people die of various heart diseases every year due to toxic air in 11 countries of South East Asia. 

According to a recent UNICEF report, about 600,000 children under the age of five die from indoor and outdoor air pollution. Pollution not only affects their lung growth, but also their brain development, the report said.

Air pollution in South Asia kills 1.7 million people every year. That's 30 percent of the world's air pollution deaths. Heart disease caused by toxic air kills 249,388 people annually in India, the highest in the region. 

The new problem of bronchitis in children between the ages of 6 and 12 due to other pollutant diseases is estimated to increase from the current 12 million to 36 million annually by 2060. 

In the case of adults, such problems are estimated to increase from the current 3.5 million to 100 million per year by 2060.

About 80 percent of the world's population living in urban areas are exposed to more pollution than the World Health Organization-mandated air quality. Residents of low-income urban areas are particularly affected. 

According to the latest Urban Air Quality Statistics, 98 percent of the cities in the Middle East and Southeast Asian countries, which are poor and developing economically, do not meet air quality standards. 

Air pollution has become a major environmental health problem in Europe, with around 467,000 people losing their lives every year, according to a report released by the European Environment Agency (EEA).

The impact of air pollution is not limited to any one country, but affects neighboring countries as well, so collective efforts and commitment are needed to control it. 

A study showed that more than 100,000 people died in Southeast Asia last year due to smoke from forest fires in Indonesia. Researchers from Harvard and Columbia Universities in the United States have estimated that more than 90,000 people have died in Indonesia alone.

The Indonesian government had earlier said that only 19 people had died due to smoke billowing. Environmentalists have taken the deaths of thousands of people in neighboring countries, including Singapore and Malaysia, as serious.

According to the study, last year's tsunami killed 91,600 people in Indonesia, 6,000 in Malaysia and more than 2,000 in Singapore.

Economists argue that air pollution increases the risk of many diseases, not only makes productive people sicker, but also increases the additional cost of treatment, which can have a negative effect on economic growth and affect the global economy. 

By 2060, 3.75 billion working days will be lost due to health problems caused by polluted air, resulting in a decline of more than one percent in GDP, or an annual loss of 2.6 trillion by 2060. 

On average, a person would be willing to pay up to 30 per 100,000 dollars each year to cover the risk of untimely death from air pollution. The report indicates that the damage caused by untimely deaths due to air pollution will reach 180 to 250 trillion per annum by 2060.

A recent study by the World Health Organization (WHO) found air pollution to be a major problem in the cities of the world's low- and middle-income countries. 

Ninety-eight percent of the cities in those countries that do not meet the standards set by the United Nations Health and Environment Agency are living in polluted air. 

Various media outlets around the world have highlighted the issue of air pollution in the cities of low and middle income countries, which is a 'silent killer' that adversely affects human health and the environment.

Indoor smoke kills 2 million people worldwide each year. Indoor smoke is the fourth leading cause of death in the world. 

More than half of the world's population, especially in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, use bioenergy for cooking and heating. This has adversely affected their health as well as the environment. 

Air pollution cannot be reduced unless clean and renewable energy replaces the consumption of mineral and bioenergy, the mainstay of global economic development.

Environmentalists are pushing for lower carbon energy production by reducing energy-related emissions by about 70 percent from 2010.

Major pollutants are sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, organic matter, atmospheric particles, ozone gas, etc.

When inhaled, such substances can reach the lungs and circulatory system through the respiratory tract and have adverse effects on human health. 

Dust and smoke particles in the atmosphere reach the lungs through the respiratory tract, increasing the risk of respiratory diseases, asthma, pneumonia, cough, bronchitis, allergies and cancer. A study by the WHO's International Committee on Cancer found that air pollution was a major cause of lung cancer. 

Studies in Europe, South and North America and Asia have shown that the risk of various non-communicable diseases is increasing with increasing air pollution. 

According to a study by Air Pollution, which affects the respiratory system and the heart the most, it could be the leading cause of death in the world in the coming days, according to news agencies.

Air pollution has a negative impact not only on human health but also on agriculture. 

According to a report by the World Food Program (WFP), air pollution has destroyed 110 million metric tons of crops annually due to the depletion of the ozone layer. 

The WHO has called for reducing the number of vehicles and emphasizing on waste management to reduce the problem of air pollution. It also emphasizes the need to use healthy and clean fuel for cooking. 

Emphasis on clean energy technology to keep the environment clean and healthy, discouraging the use of firewood or coal and emphasizing on vehicle pollution standards, industrialization and environment friendly and green roads can create a safer earth and ensure a healthier life for future generations.

The WHO report states that polluted air is found in less developed countries than in developed countries of the world. 

Despite being behind in industrialization, Nepal is at high risk of air pollution as it is located between China and India which are at high risk of air pollution. 

Air pollution kills about 10,000 people in Nepal every year. According to the World Health Organization, about 3300 people die of heart disease, about one thousand from lung cancer, about one thousand 800 from asthma, about three thousand 200 from stroke and about 800 people die from lower respiratory tract infections. 

Various international reports have stated that Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, is at the top of the list of polluted cities in the world. The amount of pollution has increased in the valley due to road dust, vehicle exhaust and smoke coming out of brick kilns.

Environmental air pollution problems and challenges

According to the United Nations, air pollution is one of the leading causes of death for nine out of ten people who breathe in polluted air. 

It can cause cancer, pneumonia, heart disease and even life threatening diseases. 

The World Health Organization estimates that air pollution kills about seven million people worldwide each year. There are various causes of air pollution, including household chores, agricultural products, mills, and vehicle exhaust fumes and other wastes. 

To destroy the straw harvested in the fields, they set it on fire, which releases a lot of toxic fumes into the atmosphere. When the ozone layer is depleted, the sun's radiation falls directly on the earth, affecting all living things and nature. 

The World Health Organization and the United Nations are working together to reduce pollution. These two unions are working together mainly focusing on water and air pollution. Lately, negative changes have been seen in the environment. 

According to the study, the number of patients coming to the hospital seems to be increasing due to environmental pollution. Even if school-going children wear masks, they are becoming physically and mentally weaker due to the polluted air. 

Environmentalists have expressed concern that the growing environmental problem will soon destroy natural resources. In this way, organizations and experts working in the field of environment are working to reduce the destruction of the growing natural resources. 

Growing Environment Pollution is the loss of the natural properties of all the elements in our environment. Atmospheric pollution is also a problem that causes unnecessary changes in the physical, chemical and biological properties of the environment. 

Environmental research has confirmed that due to environmental pollution, the earth's temperature is rising, causing severe problems such as excess rainfall, drought and deficient rainfall. 

Other major problems are also indirectly due to pollution. Such pollution problems are exacerbating the problem. According to the nature of pollution, pollution is categorized as pollution caused by natural causes such as volcanic smoke, dust pollution and human pollution such as garbage, noise. In any case, humans are also the indirect cause of natural pollution.

Pollution can occur in the air, water and land of our environment. Pollution in all these areas is directly or indirectly interrelated. 

Therefore, pollution in one of these areas has a direct effect on the animals living there and indirectly affects the animals in other areas as well. Land pollution also plays a role in water pollution and indirectly affects aquatic life. 

Today's world is moving towards sustainable development. They are considered as indicators of industrialization, urbanization and prosperity. But this rapid development process is causing destruction within the increasing pollution development. 

The industries and factories that are expanding along with modernization are on the one hand towards development orientation and on the other hand the problems seen due to lack of proper management of waste are becoming the major cause of pollution. 

The negative effects of increasing pollution are likely to increase in the long run. That is why it is important to make environmental pollution a matter of common concern.

At present the pressure of the world's population is very strong. According to a statistic, the number has now reached 6.6 billion, up from 5 million ten thousand years ago. 

According to population figures, 9,000 people are added to each of the world's population. That is, the population is growing at a rate of 150 per minute. As the population grows, so do the basic human needs.

Reliance on natural resources is also expected to increase to meet basic needs such as food, shelter and cotton. Natural resources such as forests, wildlife, minerals, etc. also increase in interference. 

As a result, it is having a more negative impact on the environment. Deforestation is one of the clearest examples of global environmental problems due to population growth.

Man wants to dominate the earth, not just to survive. In this context, human beings, along with other natural resources, are competing in some way with the species of living creatures like forests and wild animals. 

At the same time, increasing encroachment on forest area and its use for habitat and agriculture is increasing not only in developed countries but also in developed countries. 

On the one hand, forest area is being reduced and converted into habitat and agricultural land, while on the other hand, urbanization is turning many arable fertile lands into residential area. 

Therefore, it cannot be denied that the amount of agricultural production has decreased due to urbanization. The food problem is another economic and environmental problem. 

It would not be an exaggeration to say that urbanization and industrialization cause a lot of negative changes in the environment, although from an economic point of view, these are both positive aspects. 

From an economic-environmental point of view, every development work is very challenging.

All economic and social activities on earth have a direct bearing on the environment. Therefore, protection of environment is the major need of today for sustainable development. 

Maintaining environmental balance along with economic development is a common challenge. Today, this challenge is not only for developed countries but also for developing nations. 

Maintaining environmental balance is a challenge even for an underdeveloped country like ours. In order to balance the environment, reducing environmental pollution as well as proper management of development infrastructures is also economically challenging for developing nations. 

However, this small effort can play a big role in reducing the global problem of pollution. It is a fact that underdeveloped countries are also suffering from the pollution caused by industries and factories which are flourishing in developed countries today. 

It is clear that we are being affected not only by our own pollution but also by others. Therefore, it is the responsibility of all of us to protect the environment as it affects not only the polluters but also those who do not.

Ultimately, there is a worldwide need to be aware of all the dangers posed by environmental pollution. We, the citizens of underdeveloped countries, also need to have this awareness. 

Let's take an interest in reducing pollution and make some contribution for raising public awareness. The example of conscious citizens of underdeveloped countries can also be an example to the citizens of developed countries. 

Various methods can be used to reduce pollution. The environment can be kept clean if awareness work is done not only from the government level but also from the local level. 

Air pollution can be prevented by using electric vehicles rather than running on petrol and diesel. In the same way, if the improved stove is used for cooking, the environment of the house will remain clean. 

Even if trees are planted along roadsides and around houses, the environment can be kept balanced by reducing pollution to a large extent. 

Harmful activities can be done to protect the environment, such as burning garbage on the road, not dumping household waste indiscriminately, not using plastic, reducing deforestation and various other activities can help in protecting the environment.

Let's restore the ecosystem

World Environment Day is celebrated every year on June 5 in countries around the world with the slogan 'Ecosystem Restoration' in response to the call of the United Nations Environment Program. That is why the Government of Nepal is celebrating World Environment Day today.

What is the atmosphere

The biological environment is the environment. That is, the effect of water, air, soil, water, and animals on the environment as a whole. Therefore, the environment creates and influences the physical, chemical and human activities of the organism around it. 

According to the World Health Organization's definition, "the environment is related to the external biological and physical, chemical, all behaviors and factors related to the health of any person, plant or organism." 

Therefore, public health is interdependent with the natural aspect and man-made environment.

Ecosystem is the effect of any organism on the physical environment. That is, the system that interacts with the biological environment can be called an ecosystem.

Historical background

Following the interaction and debate on the humanitarian environment on the first day of the Stockholm Conference, the decision to celebrate World Environment Day was taken at the United Nations General Assembly in 1972. Two years later, in 1974, World Environment Day was celebrated for the first time with the slogan "One Earth". 

World Environment Day, which was celebrated annually until 1987, after 1987, different countries were given the responsibility to celebrate it alternately. Worldwide, 23 percent of deaths are linked to environmental causes. Air pollution kills 7 million people worldwide.

Atmospheric pollution

The mixture of pollutants in the environment changes its natural appearance and characteristics.

As a result, respiratory and non-communicable diseases, including cancer, are on the rise worldwide. Air pollution is one of the major factors affecting environmental health and poses a major risk to human health. 

Excessive intake of pollutant particles containing less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (A: 2.5) of carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide into the air can affect the lower and upper respiratory system in children and has long-term effects on the health of adults. 

Due to rapid population growth, unplanned urbanization, industrial and vehicle emissions, major cities in Nepal are becoming unhealthy. 

Improper implementation of policies and programs are also major factors in increasing air pollution in Kathmandu Valley. 

According to the report of Nepal Health Research Council 2015, in some places there is no continuous monitoring of air quality except monitoring of air pollution in special conditions and periods. 

Environmental pollution is particularly affecting air, water and soil, with increasing adverse effects on human health.

Importance of Environment Day

Chemicals that can pollute the air, water and soil are an integral part of life. Some of them are natural and some are produced for special purposes. 

While others have been produced during unwanted construction. Harmful chemicals are in the air, in the workspace, and in some water and soil. 

When eating, coming in contact with, there is contact with harmful chemicals through respiration. In 2016, 1.6 million people died due to various chemicals. Among the harmful chemicals, it is appropriate to consider the following chemicals related to environmental health.

Air pollution

When burning incinerators at less than the recommended temperature (200–400 C), or when burning polyvinyl plastic (blood bags, fluid bags), the ashes in the fly or in the bottom contain organic air pollutants such as dioxin, puran. Which reaches the food chain, which is not in the atmosphere. 

These toxins enter the human body through food. When such elements enter the human body for a long time, even in small amounts, it affects the immune system, nervous system, endocrine system and reproductive system. 

Too much in a short period of time can affect the skin and liver. Its standard is 0.1 nano grams per toxic equivalent of normal per cubic meter (Pruss-Ustun 1999). Thus emissions of dioxins, furan and mercury are major challenges to the environment and health. Such emissions should be minimized by taking steps such as reducing waste and adopting environmentally friendly technology.

Air pollution

Impact on human health and conservation, impact on flora and fauna, impact on materials and structures, impact on atmosphere, soil and water. , Sulfur, smoke, lead, acidic substances etc. are prominent. 

Among the sources of air pollution are vehicles, factories, machinery used in powerful projects, gas stations, fires, volcanoes, pollution of foreign countries, etc. According to the standards of the World Health Organization, Kathmandu has five times more pollution than the standard of air quality.

According to a recent study on the sources of air pollution in Kathmandu (PM2.50) 31 per cent of the equipment, soil dust 26 per cent, age-related garbage 23 per cent, brick-kiln 15 per cent and other 5 per cent have been found.

Air pollution is a big health risk

Particles smaller than 2.5 millimeters enter the lungs and affect the body. For example: heart attack, respiratory disease, pneumonia, cancer, air pollution before childbirth is a health risk. 

In children, obstruction of lung function, asthma, excessive coughing, heart related diseases start, while in adults and the elderly, asthma, heart related diseases, chronic diseases, diabetes, lung cancer, etc.

According to the World Health Organization's 2018 report, out of various environmental and air pollutants in Nepal, 21,908 died due to external air pollution and 23,397 died due to indoor pollution.

Water pollution

Contaminated water and lack of sanitation is one of the major diseases affecting human beings. According to the World Health Organization, about 80 percent of the world's communicable diseases are caused by poor sanitation and poor sanitation. 

Take, for example, the diarrhea epidemic that spread to more than 16 districts in the Far West and Kanauli in 2065/66. As a result, about 300 people were killed. Also, many people are affected by the various diseases that occur during the rainy season each year.

Many people around the world have lost their lives due to contagious diseases like diarrhea, cholera, measles, gonorrhea, typhoid and worms from contaminated water and food contaminated by garbage. 

In Nepal, more than 10,000 children fall ill and die every year. Consumption of safe drinking water reduces the incidence of diarrhea by more than 39 percent. If the bath water is polluted, you should be prone to skin diseases such as measles, mumps, and rubella. 

In the same way, if proper waste water is not used properly, the growth of mosquitoes in frozen water can lead to the development of malaria, elephantiasis and dengue. On the other hand, arsenic compound found in water in some places can cause various skin diseases if consumed for a long time.

Soil pollution

Soil pollution contaminates the soil through toxins. For example, soils with high levels of benzene increase the risk of leukemia. 

Uncontrolled soils are contaminated with sufficient amounts of harmful bacteria in one or more of these toxins. Excessive and improper use of pesticides in agriculture, excessive industrial activity, is one of the improper and improper management. 

The most dangerous soil contaminants are genobiotics substances, which are not found naturally but are synthesized by humans. Most genobiotics are carcinogenic. Soil pollutants include arsenic, mercury, lead, zinc, cadmium, selenium, beryllium, thallium, chromium, copper, etc.

Similarly, leakage / discharge of industrial waste into the soil can cause soil pollution. Chlorinated industrial solvents, dioxins from the manufacture of pesticides and waste incinerators, plasticizers and dispersants, polychlorinated biphenyls etc. are considered to be the major ones. The petroleum industry produces a lot of petroleum hydrocarbon waste. 

Some of these wastes, such as benzene and methylbenzene, are carcinogenic in nature. Pesticides are used to control pests. Herbicides, pesticides and fungicides are used in agriculture.

Important soil pollutants include herbs (triglycerides, carbamites, amides, phenolsic acid, realphatic acid). Similarly, pesticides like organophosphates, chlorinated hydrocarbons, arsenic rich compounds, pyrethrum) are very dangerous to humans. 

Health risks associated with pesticides include diseases of the central nervous system, weakness of the immune system, cancer, and birth defects.

Soil pollution caused by the process: Some pollutants naturally accumulate in the soil by adopting some very rare processes naturally. 

Rainwater is transported along with soil contaminants. Some dry ecosystems, for example, have accumulation of compounds containing perchlorate ions (ClO4–). 

Some pollutants can be produced naturally in the soil due to environmental impact. For example, during thunderstorms, chlorine and some metallic soils can be mixed with perchlorates.

Similarly, man-made soil pollution can be caused by various human activities. Such as demolition of old buildings, construction improvement works, spillage of petrol and diesel while transporting vehicles, metal smelting or cutting factories, underground excavation activities, excessive and improper use of chemical pesticides, urban waste, nuclear, electrical waste and coal ash pollute the soil. 

Chemical Pollution: Lead

It is a widely used metal. Its annual consumption is 7.1 million tons per year. It is obtained from 45 percent recycling. 78% of the world's lead is consumed for cesarean production.

Sources of risks to human health: Leading flammable substances, mining, smelting and processing, lead-acid batteries, paints and ceramic products, practice and use of ammunition and firearms, recycling and production in informal areas, destruction of leaded paints, traditional makeup Materials / Medicines, Jewelry / Toys, Plastic food containers and lead smelters, Drinking water supply pipes and lead-containing petroleum products, etc.

Major health effects of lead: loss of consciousness in children, death of more than 1 million, loss of 24.4 million years of disability adjusted loss years (DALY's), 63.2% intellectual development disability, 10.3% heart disease worldwide due to high blood pressure. , Dies of a heart attack.

Mercury

Heavy, odorless, shiny liquid metals are available in three forms and can remain liquid at room temperature (25 से C). According to the United States, incinerators incinerated 10 percent of the world's emissions in 1995. Coal burning, gold mining, metal production, incinerated waste, mercury products are considered the main ones. 

Vapor from mercury diffusion, combustion and industrial discharge enters the respiratory system, mercury comes in contact with contaminated fish, absorption of mercury through the skin, and dental amalgam used to fill teeth.

Use of mercury in healthcare thermometers, incubators and other equipment Refrigeration thermometers, switches, fluorescent lamps and CFL bulbs, sphygmomanometers, gastrointestinal tubes, esophageal dilators, feeding tubes, miller Abbott tubes, hysterectomy , Batteries, monitors, electrical appliances, old thermostats, etc.

Effects on the ecosystem

Unstable contaminants in the soil can enter atmospheric or water sources, so soil pollution can directly contribute to air and water pollution. 

Since acid soils are harmful to many microorganisms, the negative effects of soil pollution can also affect soil texture and quality. 

This type of pollution greatly affects crop production. In China, 120 million tons of food has been found to be out of consumption due to the infection of heavy minerals.

Impact on the environment and public health

Not only the pollution of air, water and soil, but also the effects of soil pollutants, excessive exposure to lead, etc. on human health, the health of plants and animals as well as the impact on natural beauty should be taken into consideration. Disposal of waste from any source directly pollutes the water source and the surrounding environment.

The use of non-conventional pesticides (especially DDT) for the control of germs in health waste, the practice of placing such poisons in leaking containers or bags has a direct or indirect effect on the health of everyone. When in direct contact with such objects, contaminated water or food can be toxic. 

There is even a fear of fire due to burning of garbage. Expired drugs including antibiotics, heavy metals like mercury, phenols, compounds, deodorants, antiseptics, etc. The effects of residues are toxic to the environment. 

For hundreds of years, mercury (thermometers, sphygmomanometers) have been leaking into health facilities or dumping garbage in the environment can cause a lot of damage.

Mercury can enter the body when inhaled as a metallic liquid, its toxins can damage the human brain, spinal cord, kidneys and also affect the physical growth of children.

Elements of climate change

Global climate change includes natural elements such as changes in the way the earth orbits, solar changes, volcanic eruptions, and so on. 

Similarly, the nature of greenhouse gases changes with the human inherent elements, while the inherent human inherent elements use coal for energy in home and industrial activities. 

Similarly, change in land use (change from forest to cultivation and construction work) also includes fuel used in transportation, deforestation - energy, furniture, railway sleepers and others.

It is estimated that between 2030 and 2050, more than 250,000 people will die due to climate change, with 38,000 adults dying from exposure to temperature, 48,000 from diarrhea, 60,000 from malaria and 95,000 from malnutrition.

Ecological rehabilitation

It is time for countries around the world to take the importance of the present seriously. The environment that has been destroyed till date in the name of development must be rehabilitated. 

Only a healthy ecological environment can save the lives of human beings, including climate change and the destruction of biodiversity. 

To this end, efforts should be made by the government, industrialists, civil society and the community to reduce the environmental challenges, the challenges of climate change, the exploitation / destruction of nature and the following steps should be taken to reduce pollution:

1. Planting, cultivating, gardening and maintaining greenery in open space.

2. Safe management of nitrogen and greenhouse gases for ecological rehabilitation.

3. A campaign should be launched to green the villages / cities that maintain zero pollution.

4. Every family should plant and promote the plants that have been planted.

5. Nadinala should be kept clean, plants should be planted on the banks.

6. Substances such as lead, mercury, poisons, asbestos should be used and disposed of in an appropriate manner.

7. Dozer terror and environmental pollution on arable land should be stopped on the pretext of development.

8. Old vehicles, brick kilns, equipment should be banned.

9. Curriculum on environment and other pollution should be included in the educational curriculum.

10. At the school level, competitions on essays, attendance answers, posters, paintings, poems, etc. about the environment and its importance should be organized.

11. We need to mitigate the effects of climate change and improve human and institutional capacity, public awareness and education in a timely manner.

12. To implement the commitments made by the United Nations Convention on Climate Change

13. To develop capacity building mechanism for effective planning and management of climate change.

Air pollution often varies according to the season.

This is dry season, no rain. The wind speed is very low. It's time to dump her and move on. There is a lot of dust in the environment, not all the roads and belts of Kathmandu are paved. Due to which the amount of dust has increased. The air does not stay in the same place.

Air pollution also depends on the conditions like no rain, no fire, no wind, etc. In the current weather, the wind speed is very low, there is a lot of dust in the atmosphere. 

The Kathmandu Valley is shaped like a bowl, the air flow here is very low, so the polluted air is eroded into the atmosphere. The three problems are its geography, weather and urban environment. The present condition of Kathmandu is very detrimental to health. 

Due to the air pollution here, in the states of India bordering Nepal, the smoke from the fire and dust from the threshers after entering the fields as well as the time to import wheat into Nepal has also affected the atmosphere in the Kathmandu Valley.

As an example, the same vehicle can bring and deliver government employees to all, but otherwise there is a separate vehicle for all. Why pollute the environment by keeping too much.

There are three reasons for this - one is its geography, external weather and conditions. That is why this is the situation in Kathmandu now. Current air pollution is very harmful to health.

How to improve the environment?

Now it is not possible to make the environment better by blaming others. We suffer from all three types of pollution including indoor pollution, outdoor pollution and air pollution from other countries. 

We have low level of clean energy, we have people like burning firewood, burning firewood, burning kerosene. We drive all kinds of things like motorcycles, cars, cars, we don't do any service, there are five vehicles instead of one vehicle.

We are also victims of pollution from outside. We cannot control or prevent outside pollution, because we cannot say that we will stop pollution in India. But the thing is, we have to control the pollution here.

Shared for government employees at all levels, such as heavy vehicles operating on different routes in the valley in the morning and evening, how many vehicles save fuel Holaru Yesle also prevents air pollution. 

Next, if the Jor, Bijor system is implemented, a lot of work can be done from home in this jam during Kovid, study research should be encouraged, etc. This means that air pollution should be controlled. 

The environment is being polluted by smoke and dust emitted from various sources. Secondly, we are also victims of pollution from outside. We can't go outside, because we can't stop pollution in India. But we have to control the air pollution here.

Now in this too, along with the government, we ourselves need to be publicly aware, the government should make rules and the public itself should follow.

Lowering the age, it is a loss to the government. Because the government has already invested a lot in a citizen up to that age.

How to be aware in such an environment?

It means being aware of where the pollution is, where to go, where not to go, the next one is for my children. Air pollution also affects the health of the baby in the mother's womb. Air pollution causes brain damage in the unborn baby. Now that child is a citizen of our country. What are his decisions later? 

He is unable to make good decisions. Air pollution can also cause cancer. Another is the role of air pollution in climate change globally. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, which increases the temperature. 

Burning fuel also emits carbon dioxide, which pollutes the climate, which is a global problem. So people had to move towards safe mode of transportation.

What is the effect?

1. Various health problems appear.

2. Various respiratory diseases increase.

3. Symptoms of some diseases appear immediately.

4. Most affected are children, the elderly, those at risk, pregnant women, newborns, and those with asthma.

5. Problems related to dementia increase.

6. Lowering the age, it is a loss to the government. Because the government has already invested a lot in a citizen up to that age.

What we all need to know is that we all need a healthy environment to survive, which is a constitutional right but our health is at risk day by day due to climate change, environmental pollution, waste management, lack of, etc. and its adverse effects on long term health. As it happens, it is essential to be aware in time.

Growing environmental challenges

Climate change and deteriorating environmental balance are common concerns in today's world. The negative impact on the environment due to human activities and the neglect of the adverse effects on the environment in the face of development competition has added challenges to the very existence of not only human beings but also animals and plants.

We are not immune to the challenges posed by increasing environmental pollution. 

In this regard, to protect the fundamental right of every citizen to live in a clean and healthy environment, to provide compensation to the victims of environmental pollution or degradation, to maintain proper balance between environment and development, to minimize adverse environmental impacts on nature, environment and biodiversity and climate change. Legal and policy arrangements have been made to meet the challenge. We have the Environmental Protection Act, 2076. An environment protection policy has been formulated accordingly. 

Due to population growth, uncontrolled urbanization, lack of coordination between infrastructure development and environment, weakness in integrated and planned development, inadequate management of various types of waste and pollution discharged from hospitals, urban and industrial areas and indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture. Yes Deforestation in the name of industrial and infrastructure development has also affected the environment and increased environmental problems.

To direct the enactment of environmental laws, regulations and other sectoral laws, to fulfill the international commitments and to coordinate and co-operate in environmental management between governmental, non-governmental organizations, community and private sector and union, state and local level while maintaining the balance between development and environment. Is mandatory Environmental protection policy is needed for this. 

The goal of this policy is to ensure the right of citizens to live in a clean and healthy environment by controlling pollution, waste management and promoting greenery. Its objectives are to prevent, control and reduce all kinds of pollution including water, air, soil, sound, electromagnetic waves, chemical and radioactive, to manage waste generated from all sources including domestic, industrial and service sectors, and to develop gardens and greenery in urban areas. Are

Similarly, mainstreaming environmental interests in all dimensions of development, ensuring environmental justice to pollution victims, mobilizing public participation in environmental protection and sustainable management of natural resources, utilizing natural and man-made resources equitably between present and future generations, research and capacity building for environmental protection and management. To increase, use the land as per the land use plan, reuse and recycle the available resources as much as possible. 

Various policies and strategies have been formulated for the prevention, control and reduction of pollution. We also have a climate change policy. Climate Change Policy, 2076 recognizes climate change as a serious global problem. Poor and developing nations are more affected than rich and developed nations. 

Despite its negligible role in the world's total greenhouse gas emissions, the policy states that Nepal is one of the countries with the highest risk of adverse effects of climate change due to its topographical diversity, weak topography, sensitive ecosystems and diversity of climatic and micro-climatic zones. 

In addition, due to poverty, illiteracy, social inequality and the fact that the livelihood of the community is more dependent on natural resources, Nepal is considered to be more sensitive to the effects of climate change.

Rapid rise in atmospheric temperature over the past few decades and the resulting climatic disasters such as excess rainfall, drought, and drought have adversely affected Nepal's mountain ranges and glaciers and their dependent ecosystems. 

Due to the rapid melting of snow, the size of glaciers is increasing and the danger of eruption is also increasing. Nepal has signed various international treaties, agreements and agreements related to environment protection and environment protection.

 It may be recalled that Nepal became a party to the 1994 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Necessary laws, policies, standards, etc. need to be formulated to guarantee the constitutional right of every citizen to live in a clean and healthy environment, but without its effective implementation, its justification cannot be confirmed.

Development is an ongoing process. It cannot be stopped but it is inevitable to make it systematic and environment friendly. As nature continues to be attacked in the name of development, it will endanger the ecosystem and endanger various animals and plants, and ultimately endanger human beings. 

There is no denying that environmental imbalances are the cause of the diseases and epidemics that plague the world today, and the kind of terror that only human beings have to endure.

Sustainable management and multidimensional use of natural and man-made resources are prerequisites for the prosperity of the nation. The sustainability of the overall development of the country depends on the quality of environmental conditions. 

It is necessary to prevent and minimize the adverse environmental impacts created by man-made development and to protect the natural environment in order to support the development efforts from the field of environment by managing the issues of environment and social and economic development in an integrated manner. Article 30 of the Constitution of Nepal provides for the fundamental right of every citizen to live in a clean and healthy environment and gives top priority to its protection and management. 

Environmental protection and sustainable social and economic development are possible only through effective legal mechanism, institutional structure, appropriate technology, public participation, good governance and integrated efforts of financial resources. The effects of climate change and global warming are being felt everywhere. That is why mountains and snow-covered areas are becoming desolate. 

This is the main reason behind the mountains turning into black mountains. Deteriorating conditions are causing serious health problems, and rising sea levels are causing some island nations and even the world's largest coastal cities to sink. In the coming days, it is expected that there will be a great struggle for environmental balance, fulfillment of food needs and healthy living. 

Considering the interdependence and interdependence of the relationship between humans, animals and plants, it is important to be aware of the dangers we are causing to the present generation and what kind of earth we are leaving for future generations. .