Environmental management, biodiversity, environmental pollution and climate change

Environmental management, biodiversity, environmental pollution and climate change

The atmosphere

The environment is the collective existence and interaction of all the organic and inorganic things like living things, animals, plants, air, water, soil etc. on the earth.

According to Article 2 of the Environment Act, 2053, the environment is the interaction and relation between the natural, cultural and social systems of the universe, economic and human activities and their prepositions.

Environmental management

To care for, maintain, conserve and utilize the environment without damaging the environment directly or indirectly due to increasing urbanization, increasing modernization, nuclearization, acceleration of natural resources, acid rain, desertification, floods, landslides, droughts, excess rainfall, ozone depletion etc. Called management.

The importance of environmental management

- Natural resources will be protected.

- National income will increase.

- Employment will increase.

- To help in the development of tourism.

- Domestic and small scale industries will be developed.

 - To experience a clean and healthy environment.

- Unmanaged urbanization will be minimized.

- Conservation of animals, wildlife and plants.

- Natural balance can be maintained.

Environmental pollution

According to the Environment Act 2053, the natural, cultural and social systems of the universe, as a result of the interaction and interrelationships between economic and human activities and those elements, may cause harm to the environment, harm or harm the beneficial or useful purpose of the environment. The condition created is called environmental pollution.

Types of environmental pollution

The types of pollution that can be viewed in a broad way are as natural pollution (volcanoes, storms, fires, erosion) and man-made pollution.

1) Air Pollution: - Air pollution is caused due to accumulation of unnecessary foreign substances including smoke and dust in the air. Examples of air pollution include weight loss, greenhouse gases, acid rain, vehicles, and carbon dioxide from factories.

2) Water Pollution: Water pollution is caused by man-made garbage, factory garbage, chemicals thrown in the water etc.

3) Land Pollution: - Floods, landslides, deforestation, use of toxic fertilizers, etc.

4) Noise pollution: - Noise produced by vehicles, factories and other devices

5) Food Pollution: - Mixing of various non-food items, medicines etc. in food items

6) Chemical Pollution: Due to various chemicals in air, water, land, food etc.

7) Electro pollution: Radar, cellular, telephone, FM. Pollution from radiomagnetic radiation

Causes of environmental pollution:

- Uncontrolled population growth

- More exploitation of natural resources

- Lack of public awareness

- Lack of law abiding

- Unorganized urbanization and industrialization

- Poverty and migration

- Having open borders.

- Increase in the use of toxic chemicals

- Erosion

- Rapid increase in means of transportation

- Rapid clearing of forest

- Competition for nuclear weapons

- Lack of national and international coordination for environmental protection

Problems arising from environmental pollution

- Destruction of weights

- Decline in agricultural production

- Destruction of forests

- Challenges in desertification and human development

- Destruction of archeological objects and rare animals and plants

- Global warming

- Acid rain

 - Increased green house effect

- Atmospheric haze

- Loss of biodiversity

- Floods, landslides, erosion, excess rainfall, drought and drought

- Problems of nuclear fission

- Lack of natural resources

- Extinction of rare species, species and lineages of plants

- Challenges to human development etc.

Measures to protect the environment:

Environmental protection means taking care, maintenance, promotion, management and utilization of various expenditures of the environment without directly or indirectly causing any harm to the environment without any disturbance in their interrelationships. Keeping the environment in balance is the only way to protect the environment.

All national policies will be environment friendly, environment will not be degraded in planning and implementation environment, education will be benefited.

- Natural resources and resources should be protected and biodiversity should be protected.

- Environmental information center should be established and developed

- Growing population should be controlled and managed.

 - Poverty must be eradicated

- There should be system of systematic urbanization and proper settlement

- Biodiversity should be protected

- To develop and use pollution free technology

- To establish industries away from urban areas and scientifically.

- To increase public participation in environment protection.

- Garbage management should be made effective.

- Development and use of alternative energy should be increased.

- Proper management of garbage should be done

- Use of organic manure instead of pesticides and manure should be increased.

- The production, sale and use of chemical, biological and nuclear weapons should be banned.

- For the implementation of international treaties and agreements related to environment, timely laws should be formulated and strictly enforced.

Biodiversity

The diversity of human beings including plants, animals, micro-organisms, etc. and the variety of ecosystems around the earth is called biodiversity. It refers to heredity and species diversity. Biodiversity of a place refers to the number of bacteria, genes, animals and ecosystems present in each unit class. There are three types of biodiversity.

1) Diversity of ecosystems:

- Ecological system is the interrelationship between the biological aspect of nature and the inorganic aspect.

- Due to the difference in topography and climate, there is diversity in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of Nepal.

- Due to the differences in the ecosystem, there is a lot of diversity in the flora and fauna of our country. The topography of each region is different from the soil, slope of the land, face, height, etc., and the climate is found to be different. As a result, there are ice lakes in the mountainous region and lakes, ponds and wetlands in the hilly region.

2) Hereditary diversity:

- The diversity of the generating elements within living things is called hereditary diversity. Due to which there are some differences in the different types of plants, animals, etc. found on the earth.

- Hereditary diversity occurs due to the number and type of mulbs living within the ligaments of each living cell.

- The genes in the body of the cells in the body of living beings pass on the ancestral qualities to their offspring.

3) Species diversity:

- A group of organisms capable of reproducing each other is called a species. The diversity that occurs between species of living creatures and plants is called species diversity.

- It includes all the animals, livestock, plants on the earth.

- It is also called ethnic diversity.

Importance of Biodiversity:

        The conservation of living beings, the creation of a conducive environment for human habitation, lifestyle, social activities, economic aspects, including the importance of biodiversity is extremely important. The importance of biodiversity is as follows.

People will get consumer goods from animal products as well as conduct various economic activities

- To run various economic activities along with food from plant production

- To get basic food items like agricultural products

- To increase productivity through hereditary improvement

- Soil conservation

- To protect water resources and reservoirs

- To maintain natural beauty - To support tourism development

- To maintain the ecological balance - To operate the ecosystem

- Biodiversity is also considered essential for economic development by fulfilling the basic needs of the people.

Biodiversity Conservation Measures:

- Conservation programs should be formulated according to the geographical environment.

- Publicity and information at the local level as well as the role of local people to make them aware.

- Activities to increase the participation of local people should be formulated and implemented.

- Religious / cultural heritage and traditions should be protected and promoted.

- Plants and animals should be protected and enhanced and protected.

- Awareness raising program will be conducted by activating the local bodies and providing knowledge of rules, laws etc. related to conservation.

Climate change

Climate change is the fluctuations in weather conditions and systems that can explain the sudden variation in year-round rainfall systems and temperatures. Probably a significant increase in global warming is a major factor in climate change. Is considered.

The main effects are as follows.

- Coastal islands and islands may be submerged

- Negative effects on biodiversity

- Desertification

- Heavy rain, drought and hurricane

- Floods, landslides and erosion etc.

Impacts of Climate Change in Nepal:

- Incidents of floods and drought are on the rise in Nepal.

- There has been irregularity in the rains.

- Production has declined due to emergence of new diseases and invasive insects in edible plants and fruits.

- Grains ripen faster than before and flowers begin to bloom faster.

- Snakes, eagles, vultures and mosquitoes also appear in the highlands, the breeding process of dogs has been active and unique behavior for two months. Etc.

Negative effects of climate change:

        The best way to avoid climate change is to prevent it. The following measures can be taken for this.

- Reduce carbon emissions.

- To increase carbon exploitation.

- To minimize the impact.

Ways to avoid this:

The main and best way to avoid climate change is to prevent it. But for this the following measures can be taken.

A) To reduce carbon emissions.

B) To increase carbon exploitation.

C) To minimize the impact.

Sustainable Development: -

- Sustainable development is the development that is sustainable or self-sustaining development and development process that is done in coordination with the environment.

- Sustainable development is the proper and balanced coordination between natural resources, environment, population and development activities.

- Fulfillment of basic needs and proper use of existing resources are the principles of sustainable development.