Generally, the environment is the way of life which is made up of the climate, flora, fauna and the animals that live together with the human race. In short, it is a natural resource. Today, some of the world's flora and fauna are extinct, while others are on the verge of extinction. This is due to increasing environmental degradation.
Rising urbanization created by human activities, garbage, toxic gases from nuclear reactors, rapid population growth, rapid exploitation of natural resources, etc. are the major causes of environmental degradation. In fact, due to environmental degradation, desertification, rainfall, weight loss, floods and greenhouse effect are on the rise. In particular, environmental destruction caused by human activities can be divided into air, water, land and food destruction.
Nowadays, environmental destruction is increasing day by day in every country. The main reasons for this are unmanaged urbanization due to increasing population, construction of various infrastructures, increasing use of means of transportation, use of various chemicals etc.
Water, air and land pollution as well as visual pollution have increased in Nepal. The construction of tall buildings and hoarding boards placed on those buildings is causing accidents and the beautiful scenery is also blocked. In the past, when the then government failed to strictly enforce the building code of conduct, its physical heritage was eroded and monuments of archeological importance were blocked by large buildings. If these things are ignored, areas like Pashupatinath, Swayambhu, Changunarayan, Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur Durbar Square, which are on the World Heritage List at any time, may not be on the list.
Especially today, due to the increase in population, there is a lot of garbage everywhere. As it is necessary to amend and consolidate the law related to waste management in order to maintain a clean environment by minimizing the adverse effects on public health and the environment, the Constituent Assembly has passed the Garbage Management Act 068 as per Article 83 of the Interim Constitution of Nepal. Has done
Article 30 of the Constitution of Nepal 072 guarantees the fundamental right of every citizen to a clean environment and provides for the victims to be compensated according to environmental pollution or reduction or law. However, at present, environmental pollution has a serious impact not only on human health but also on social, economic and cultural spheres. To reduce such pollution, the general stakeholders need to be united and aware. So far, the government has not been able to strictly enforce the right of every person to live in a clean environment. In fact, in order to keep the environment clean, it is necessary to pay attention to the concept of sustainable development, environmental impact assessment, precaution, public justice and other issues. In addition, the government needs to disseminate textbooks and awareness materials in the media at school level to protect the environment.
Wetlands have a wide variety of vegetation. Many species of animals live here, so protecting the area will protect the flora and fauna. As a result, it has a positive effect on environmental protection. But in many countries, the very existence of wetlands is in jeopardy due to various activities such as increasing urbanization, uncontrolled migration, population growth, rapid construction of physical infrastructure. In some countries, the area is being rapidly invaded by land mafias, while some wetlands are on the verge of extinction due to the rapidly growing housing sector.
In Nepal too, some wetland areas have disappeared and some are on the verge of disappearing. The main reason for this is the lack of appropriate national policy. Even though the government has formulated policies related to wetland at present, it has not been able to manage the wetland area well so far.
Wetlands play an important role in the conservation of biodiversity as most of the animals roam around the forests, grasslands, water bodies, build nests and roam. However, Nepal's wetland areas are declining due to increasing forest encroachment, over-exploitation of the Chure region, land encroachment by land mafias and unmanaged waste disposal. According to an official statistic, 60,561 hectares of land in Nepal is occupied by wetland area. Therefore, conserving the area will greatly contribute to the protection of the environment here.
Due to the day-to-day use of urbanization, nuclear weapons and toxic chemicals, not only human beings but also the animals and plants of the earth are in danger of extinction in a short period of time. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to environmental protection in time. Maintaining and protecting the balance of the environment is called environmental protection. Which helps in utilizing and managing the environment.
Although the creation of the environment is due to the coincidence of the biodiversity and natural resources of the earth, human beings have an important role to play in its conservation. So it is our duty to keep the environment clean. Failure to do so, however, has had dire consequences. Examples are climate change, desertification, floods, landslides, erosion, excess rainfall, and intermittent rainfall.
With the increasing urbanization, the use of nuclear weapons, the use of toxic chemicals, etc., the existence of not only the human race but also of all the animals and plants on this earth has been questioned. The United Nations Commission on Development and Environment was formed in 1983 to protect the environment. To implement the report, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) adopted the slogan "Launch of the Green House and Care and Use of the Only Earth" at the Environment Conference in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. At the conference, climate change and forest protection policy was also formulated. However, due to its inability to be implemented in practice, no significant progress has been made in environmental protection. In fact, in today's 21st century, environmental protection needs to be put into practice, not limited to slogans and speeches.
In fact, protecting the environment is the only way to prevent it. This includes reducing population growth, conserving biodiversity, conserving natural resources through proper use, focusing on environmental impacts during industrialization and urbanization, banning the production of toxic gases such as chlorofluorocarbons and methane, and reducing the use of pesticides and chemicals. It seems that the pollution of the means of transportation should be reduced. Not only this, it seems that public awareness should be increased by spreading environmental education widely. The Government of Nepal has been paying attention to environment protection under each development plan since the Seventh Five Year Plan. In order to reduce the growing environmental pollution, the Government of Nepal has made efforts to inform the general public by enacting environmental laws and regulations.
The government had issued the Environmental Protection Act on January 3, 2053 BS and the Environmental Protection Regulations in 2054 BS. Similarly, work was started from 1st April, 2051 BS to reduce the environmental pollution by testing the smoke emitted from the vehicles. Article 30 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal, 2072, provides for the right to environment under fundamental rights. In sub-sections 1 and 2 of the said section, every citizen shall have the right to live in a clean and hygienic environment and in sub-section 3, it has been mentioned that proper balance should be struck between development and environment in the development work of the country. This shows that the Government of Nepal is aware of environmental protection. Not only that, the government has been doing some work in environmental protection by establishing the Ministry of Environment.
Nepal has been celebrating World Environment Day regularly since 1976. It ratified the Convention on Climate Change in 2050. Similarly, it has been working in line with the objectives of the international organization established for the protection and promotion of rare wild animals and livestock.
It is not necessary to stop development works for the protection of the environment. Not paying attention to this, today the emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased and the effect of climate change on the earth has started to be seen. In fact, looking at the amount of pollution and doubling its environmental protection can make a huge contribution to environmental protection. Environmental protection is the job of all of us. Therefore, the intellectuals, political parties, civil society, teachers, students, staff and the general public should be involved in this work.
In fact, there is a deep connection between the environment and human beings. Therefore, for its promotion and enhancement, the attention of political leadership, policy makers and administrative leadership has to be especially attracted. In the current context of local bodies being autonomous and empowered, they need to formulate environment-friendly long-term plans and the central government needs to implement international treaties and agreements.
Due to uncontrolled urbanization, air pollution is increasing day by day. According to a recent report published by an international organization, Nepal is the fifth most polluted country in the world. This situation has arisen because no government of the past has been able to do anything concrete to reduce air pollution.
In fact, environmental pollution affects not only human health but also the social, economic and cultural spheres. Therefore, in order to keep the environment clean, it is necessary to pay attention to the concept of sustainable development, environmental impact assessment, precaution, public justice and other issues. Apart from this, it is equally important for the general stakeholders to be united and aware. Due to the growing population, the fair has not been well managed in urban areas. So the environment here is getting polluted day by day. In fact, as the government needs to reduce, reuse, process and consolidate the source of garbage, the Constituent Assembly had passed the Waste Management Act 2068 in accordance with Article 83 of the Interim Constitution of Nepal 2063 BS and has provided for the fundamental rights mentioned in the constitution 2072 BS.
Article 30 of the constitution provides for the fundamental right of every citizen to a clean environment and the right of the victims to be compensated for environmental pollution or degradation. However, due to uncontrolled urbanization, the present government has not been able to strictly implement the right of every person to live in a clean environment.
0 coment�rios: