Effects on air pollution, eyes and lungs

 Effects on air pollution, eyes and lungs

Pollution is the degradation of any of the five physical elements of the world (water, air, soil, fire and sky-space) due to any human activity i.e. its effect on the environment and ultimately the adverse effect on the health of living beings on earth.

These five elements play an important role for every living thing on earth. None of these creatures can survive a single moment without air. Fresh air is essential for our survival and health. Clean air contains 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide and 0.96% argon and other substances. Apart from this, if other polluted toxic gases enter the air, it is called air pollution.

Causes of air pollution

Air pollution can be caused by various substances or gases in the air such as: smoke, smoke from forest fires, animals, animals, trees, plants, rotting garbage, melting and mixing naturally. Nowadays, air pollution is increasing day by day due to the activities of individuals. The environment is becoming polluted due to burning of firewood and coal, operation of various machines, use of pesticides, increasing vehicles and deforestation. Forests should cover 44% of the land in the country for environmental balance. Currently, the forest cover in Nepal is only 21%. Therefore, deforestation in Nepal has adversely affected the environment, increased the ambient temperature and reduced the amount of oxygen required for health.

The problem of air pollution due to smoke from vehicles is increasing day by day in urban areas. It is very unfortunate that Kathmandu, the major city of Nepal, is one of the most polluted cities in the world today due to dust, smoke and increasing vehicles, unmanaged development works and unhealthy hospital waste and other chemical and biological inorganic wastes. When a new vehicle consumes one ton of petrol, it emits 750 kg of toxic gas in the form of smoke. The older the vehicle, the more polluted smoke is emitted. Toxic gases emitted from vehicles include nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, lead, etc. When these toxic gases enter the atmosphere, they form carbon monoxide, which interferes with the flow of oxygen to our bodies, causing fainting or even death. Atmospheric air is becoming more polluted day by day due to increasing urbanization, excessive use of vehicles, inability to displace old vehicles, proximity of industries and factories to human settlements, dumping of garbage indiscriminately, dust around roads, lack of smoke control and indiscriminate use of pesticides. Air pollution has emerged as a major problem in today's world. In cities like New Delhi, India, and Beijing, China, schools and campuses are closed for a few days to protect children from direct impact at a time when air pollution is on the rise. But this is not the exact and long-term solution to the problem. After all, breathing air and sitting at home is the same.

Health effects from air pollution

Air pollution causes a variety of problems in human health. The main problems are respiratory infections, colds, bronchitis, pneumonia, lungs, throat cancer, allergies, etc. In addition, toxic substances such as hydrogen sulfite, fluoride, and arsenic in the air can cause death. Toxic mercury and lead particles in the air affect the nervous system, urinary tract and digestive system, and the antimony affects the heart. Oxyacetin nitrate and femaldehyde in the fumes from petrol and diesel affect the lungs, eyes, etc. and also reduce the production of crops. Poly hydrocarbons emitted from fuels cause terrible diseases like cancer. Contaminated gas can affect weight, cause chest pains, headaches, difficulty breathing, and abnormal chromosome changes. If the atmospheric air is polluted, there is a high risk of skin shrinkage, skin cancer and cataracts due to ultraviolet rays and acid rain coming from the sun's rays. Increasing air pollution will cause problems in air transport, vehicles will be in an accidental condition due to thick smoke, the earth's temperature will fluctuate by affecting the greenhouse, snow will melt, climate change and agricultural production will decline.

Control of air pollution

Humans are doing the work of polluting the air in the atmosphere. Since it is man himself who drives the vehicles, operates the industries, manufactories, and spreads the stench of dust and smoke, it is also man's job to control it. Therefore, the following measures can be taken to prevent air pollution.

Ways to survive

1. Since forests have a big hand in balancing the environment, activities like prevention of deforestation and planting of trees should be encouraged.

2. To develop systematic urbanization. Mandatory cleaning in front of your home, non-burning of plastic and fumes, removal of old vehicles and checking of new vehicles and bringing only licensed vehicles into operation.

3. Arrangements should be made to keep industries and factories away from human settlements, to prohibit dumping of garbage in streets, streams, rivers, lakes, etc., to make proper arrangements for sewerage, and to ensure safe use of Max while working in factories.

4. Emphasis should be placed on the use of firewood, coal, dung gas, electricity and solar energy as fuel.

5. Industrial waste from industries and factories should be disposed of in a proper and scientific way without coming into contact with the environment.

What effect on the eyes?

Current air pollution can have serious effects on the eyes. Such pollution seems to have both short-term and long-term effects on the eyes. About the short-term effects The current air contains levels of carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, etc. This can lead to an 'ocular surface disorder' of the pupil and the outer surface of the cornea.

Dry eye syndrome can also be a problem. Pollution can increase the risk of eye infections, burns, redness, itching and pain, swollen eyelids and the entry of viral bacteria. The long-term effects of such pollution can be cataracts and cataracts. According to him, there is a danger of damage to the retina due to air pollution.

What to do to protect the lungs and eyes?

Don't go out of the house as much as possible to avoid the current pollution. It is best to stay indoors to avoid respiratory problems. As most of the pollution occurs from 5 am to 8 am, I urge you not to go for morning walk in the morning, including respiratory patients. Lung patients may not be safe to go out even wearing a mask. Some of the masks that are easily available in the market are not of good quality so it is not so easy to avoid pollution like now.

I urge you to close the windows and doors of the house and not to burn incense or smoke. To protect the eyes, it is advisable to wear glasses or sunglasses to protect the lungs. Contact lenses should not be worn during such pollution. This can make the eyes more dry and increase the risk of sores. It is also advisable to use fake tears without any preservatives and clean the eyes with clean cold water two to three times a day. But it is not good to wash your eyes often with water.

You should also keep your eyes clean and your hands clean and in case of infection, medicine should be used on the advice of a doctor. Adequate knowledge about air pollution should be provided by providing environmental education in schools and communities. Our cities are becoming more and more polluted due to air pollution. Pneumonia, bronchitis, respiratory cancer, skin problems, allergic eye diseases are increasing due to dust and smoke. Therefore, today's need is to get rid of respiratory problems by developing systematic urbanization.