Environmental problems are seen as a serious challenge in the world. As the environment, which is directly or indirectly related to human life, is deteriorating day by day, the possibility of human existence being in crisis has increased. On the one hand, the world's population is growing in the tens of millions every year, and on the other hand, it is forced to depend on the environment for its daily livelihood.
Of course, the creatures that inhabit the earth must depend on the environment for their existence. However, the human community has to be equally aware of the danger of human activities endangering human existence.
The beauty of natural and cultural heritage has made Nepal known all over the world; However, due to poverty, sluggish economic growth, population growth, unmanaged urbanization, poor condition and lack of conservation of heritage sites, neglect of environmental aspects while formulating development plans, rapid destruction of resources has been adversely affecting the diversity of flora and fauna.
As a result, soil erosion, desertification, excess rainfall, drought, fragmentation, and biodiversity are declining. As more than 90 percent of Nepal's firewood, timber, animal feed and other forest products for domestic use are sourced directly from forests, the pressure on forests is naturally extreme.
Due to the slow economic growth and increasing population, this pressure is increasing and forest encroachment is also leading to decline in agricultural productivity. Soil erosion and surface erosion have seriously affected the environment in the hilly areas, while illegal cultivation in steep and hilly marginal lands has led to the gradual destruction of the topsoil.
The problem is growing in the Chure region as well, with widespread destruction of flora and fauna, making it a serious national problem. The interrelationships between population growth, poverty and the environment are sometimes discussed at various seminars and gatherings. From time to time, however, voices are raised about the negative impact it could have, especially in poor countries, but little has been achieved through such gatherings, seminars and discussions.
People still lack environmental knowledge and consciousness. On the one hand, the population has increased, on the other hand, the inability to properly manage the growing population has led to a decline in the ecological balance. More than 80 percent of Nepal's population lives in rural areas.
They move away from the modern way of life. Their daily needs are also met by the environment. Environmental protection and promotion has become an empty slogan for the people suffering from the problem of what to eat today and what to eat tomorrow.
They are unaware of the effects that environmental imbalances may have on future generations. Their focus is on meeting the needs of the present rather than the future. If the state does not think of resolving the population in such a situation in time, it is certain that it will be pushed towards a more serious problem in the future.
In the field of environment and resource conservation, the government had for the first time included the environment and land use policy in the national policy in the Sixth Plan. Environmental protection has been recognized as a part of every plan since then, but such programs have not been implemented effectively, and those policies and programs have been found to be more ambitious.
Lack of political commitment as well as lack of bodies to direct, supervise and coordinate policies and programs have made such programs ineffective, making every effort to improve the environment challenging. From nature we get the clean air, space, etc. that we need for our whole life. Without healthy people, family, society and nation cannot be healthy and clean. Environmental pollution means deforestation, deforestation, air pollution, water and noise pollution and industrial pollution, soil erosion, acid rain, and weight loss. Its direct impact is being felt on humans, animals and plants.
Due to the polluted environment, kala-azar, polio, hepatitis, asthma, skin diseases, etc. are on the rise. In today's scientific age, the competition to become more prosperous has added challenges to the protection of the environment, while liberation from extreme scarcity has become a factor of environmental destruction, pollution and perpetuation of nature.
In the field of environment and resource conservation, the government soon included the environment and land use policy in the national level policy for the first time in the plan. In the Seventh Plan, the environment was recognized as a part of every development project, but such commitments and programs were not found to be effective. The policy is one thing, the program is another.
Due to lack of coordination between policies and programs, commendable achievements have not been achieved in the field of environment protection. It was found that only the word environment and sustainable development was mentioned in each plan. Since there must be a complementary interrelationship between environmental management and economic development for sustainable development, the formulation and implementation of development projects at the central and local levels should also be viewed from an environmental perspective.
Large-scale physical construction and industrial development programs that may disrupt the environment should include programs to reduce environmental negativity while planning. A detailed legal basis for environmental management should be prepared and implemented. While making such a law, sustainability should be considered as the paramount objective and uniformity in environmental policy should be brought to the legal level.
Since it is not possible to conserve and enhance the environmental resources without the participation of the people as it is the means and the people of the environment, public awareness should be raised at every level of the society so that more and more population can be made aware. By identifying more target groups and groups, programs can be conducted with their direct participation. Many schemes have been implemented in our country under the Poverty Alleviation Program.
Currently, the country is in the thirteenth plan. As in the past, this scheme has also embraced the concept of special zone for food and non-seasonal vegetables, beekeeping, silk farming, animal husbandry and production of fish, meat, milk, flowers etc. in the Terai region. It is the duty of all of us to improve the environment by emphasizing on the use of organic and organic fertilizers, to use chemical fertilizers properly and in a balanced manner, and to try to control pollution by using less pesticides.
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